The verdict fell partially in favour of the player, and he will receive €180,000 (£124,000) plus costs.
It decided Heerenveen deliberately misled Edman into waiving a signing on fee when the Swedish full back was sold in the summer.
"Edman claimed he was entitled to part of the transfer fee while Heerenveen said that Edman and his agent made a deal that led to Edman waiving his right," said the court.